The ecological niche model predicts the species' potential distribution with respect to climate and topography (Peterson et al., 2011). To account for all factors in the BAM framework, however, we explored whether adding a biotic interaction (e.g., human–bear) could refine our predictions of the present-day potential distribution of the species. Hence, we explored the interaction between U. thibetanus distribution and anthropogenic disturbance. Anthropogenic disturbance was characterized
in the form of a recent nighttime light satellite image at ~0.75 km resolution matching our field work period