less nickel (about 1%) is absorbed in the gastrointestinal
tract (Sunderman et al., 1989). In a study of healthy
human volunteers who ingested nickel sulfate in drinking
water or food, Sunderman et al. (1989) found that
the amount of nickel absorbed from the drinking water
was about 40-fold greater than that absorbed from the
same nickel dose in food. In follow-up studies,