The authors acknowledge the Ministry of Higher Education of Malaysia, the Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering Engineering of the Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, and the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation of Malaysia for funding this research under an e-Science Research Grant (grant no.: 06-02-02-SF0258), and the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of Universiti Teknologi MARA and Research Management Institute of Universiti Teknologi MARA for providing facilities and assistance in conducting this study. Special thanks go to Miyazu (M) Sdn. Bhd. And Kulitkraf Sdn. Bhd. For facilitating the workplace surveys.