The effects of three different feeding systems on beef cattle production performance, rumen fermentation, and rumen
digesta particle structure were investigated by using 18 Limousin (steers) with a similar body weight (575±10 kg) in a 80-d experiment.
The animals were equally and randomly divided into three treatment groups, namely, total mixed ration group (cattle fed TMR), SI1
group (cattle fed concentrate firstly then roughage), and SI2 group (cattle fed roughage firstly then concentrate). The results showed that
the average daily gain was significantly higher in cattle receiving TMR than in those receiving SI1 and SI2 (p