Bacteriologically positive TB cases had a positive confirmatory
test result, which was either a sputum smear positive
for acid-fast bacilli or a positive TB culture. On the other
hand, presumptive TB cases were diagnosed by consistent
clinical features, chest x-ray results, and the impression of
the attending physician, albeit with a lack of either a positive
smear acid-fast bacilli test or a positive culture result. HIV
infection was diagnosed by the HIV antibody test using an
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Clinical diagnoses of
opportunistic infection other than TB, eg, cryptoccocal meningitis
or penicilliosis, were confirmed by available clinical
laboratory tests at CPH, a tertiary level hospital.