The water and soil contamination by aromatic hydrocarbons has been increasing over the years, due to its
use in several industrial segments. Hydrocarbons are described as extremely pollutant, toxic, with
carcinogenic and mutagenic potential for humans. The concern with these compounds increases due to
the difficulties in removing them from the environment. The remediation methods for contaminated
environments are based on chemical, physical or biological activity. With the advance of sustainable
technologies, the search for natural methods for the removal and/or degradation of soil and water
contaminants has increased. Biosurfactants are surfactants produced mainly by microorganisms that
promote the cracking of hydrocarbons molecules by micelle formation, increasing their mobility,
bioavailability and exposure to bacteria, thus favoring hydrocarbon biodegradation. There is a great diversity
of microorganisms that are capable of biodegrading pollutants such as oil and producing biosurfactants,
but they are not well known. This study aims to address the issues related to a series of
parameters involved in the production and in the mobilization and action mechanism of biosurfactant
monomers in sites containing hydrocarbons.