Results
Three RCTs were eligible for inclusion encompassing 196 orthopedic, cardiac and day surgery
patients (age of 1 day to 18 years) receiving either live music therapy or recorded
music. Overall a statistically significant positive effect was demonstrated on postoperative
pain (SMD -1.07; 95%CI-2.08; -0.07) and on anxiety and distress (SMD -0.34 95% CI -0.66;
-0.01 and SMD -0.50; 95% CI -0.84; - 0.16.