As such, in this research, we integrate the aging literature
with HRM literature to examine employee average use of SOC strategies and HIWPs as
company-level moderators on the company-level relationship between age and performance.
In addition to integrating these two literatures, examining employee average use of SOC and
HIWPs can provide important practical implications for interventions targeting at a group of
employees as a whole, as previous practices have mainly focused on individual employees’
use of SOC as a buffering factor.