An effective project management approach is key to obtaining successful projects. In this study, a review of the
three main industries that practise project management is conducted. This paper focusses on the application of
Japanese project management (JPM) methods, namely Project and Program Management (P2M)/Kaikaku Project
Management (KPM) in construction, manufacturing and information technology (IT) industries. KPM evolves
from P2M, and KPM’s 3K- kakusin (innovation), kaihatsu (development) and kaizen (improvement) are the
essences applied when practicing JPM style. In conclusion, the nature of practice in these three industries is
different, but the management methods and approaches are almost the same.