& Burnham, 2013). With the spread of new technologies and the advent
of economic and social changes, new shopping and logistics patterns
have emerged, leading to a growth in deliveries in particular (Esser &
Kurte, 2005; Hesse, 2002; OCDE, 2003; Weltevreden & Rotem-Mindali,
2009). Firms and stores have also modified their supply chains in cities.
Moreover, public authorities in European cities, increasingly aware of
the essential role of urban goods distribution, have implemented
measures and projects to deal with externalities and enhance the