One of the most widely discussed distinctions between HRM and old fashioned personnel management is the closer linking of the former to business strategy. This is largely a feature of the more prescriptive writing; there is little compelling evidence, despite exhortation from an early stage, (Walker 1987; Craft 1981) that such linkage is taking place in reality, even in the USA (Guest 1990). This section of the chapter considers this element under the short-hand expression integration.