Preschool Through grades 3
Reading Minds and Building Relationships: This is Social Studies
The preschoolers are drawing pictures and letters on sheets of paper they have stapled together to make books. They are building literacy skills and learning much more. Manuelito says to his friend Janae, “These are the rellenos that my abuela makes. Janae laughs and replies, "That looks like a sandwich.” Maria and Helen each reach for the same marker, and after a moment Maria says, “You can use it for a minute, and then I'll use it for a minute.” Scott, their teacher, has asked Shereece and Mariko to sit at the same table because they often play in different groups. After just a few minutes of ignoring each other, the girls discover that they have the same favorite color.
Social and emotional learning is an important part of every young child's experience. In the early years, children are learning how people are similar but different, developing skills for cooperation and avoiding conflict, and discovering the influences of family background and culture. Whether or not social and emotional skills are taught formally, teachers can be intentional in offering opportunities and guidance to help young children, learn about other people and how to get along with them. In the opening vignette, for example, Scott encourages Shereece and Mariko to sit together so they can get to know each other.
Although state learning standards for kindergarten and the primary grades increasingly include social studies, few of the standards focus on key skills related to social and emotional understanding, valuing differences and diversity, or learning to cooperate and manage conflict. This is surprising because national organizations such as the National Council for the Social Studies (NCSS) have an expanded view of social studies that goes beyond history geography, and civics to include interactions between people individual development, and culture (NCSS 2010). Yet with a growing focus on the Common Core State Standards for English language arts/literacy and mathematics(NGA & CCSSO 2010), early childhood teachers might pay less attention to young children's social and emotional development and other social studies content.
Social and emotional learning supports children's classroom success by promoting behaviors that foster a positive and welcoming school environment, one in which children look forward to interacting with peers and teachers. This is particularly important during the preschool and primary grades, when potentially long-lasting basic social skills and attitudes toward others begin to take shape. Research shows that young children are emotionally and socially perceptive in ways that might easily be underestimated (see Banaji & Gelman 2013 for an overview). The same developing brain that quickly absorbs knowledge is also a sponge for understanding how people think and feel. Preschool through primary grade settings are, in essence, laboratories where children make new discoveries about the social world and incorporate their discoveries into developing positive social skills. This article profiles some of researchers have learned about the development of social and emotional understanding and its practical implications for early childhood teachers.
Children as mind readers
For many early childhood educators, Piaget's ideas about the inquiring, investigating young mind have been an inspiration for working with children. This young mind is also inquiring about and investigating people's social and emotional behavior. Yet in one respect, Piaget seems to have underestimated children's abilities in his description of them as egocentric. In much research since Piaget, child development scholars have concluded that rather than being socially and emotionally egocentric, even infants are aware that other people have knowledge, goals, and feelings different from their own, and they become passionately devoted to comprehending the mental states that cause other people to behave as they do(Astington & Hughes 2013; Carpendale & Lewis 2015). This can be readily observed when a 1-year-old baby, faced with a friendly stranger, turns to look at his mother's face to see what emotion she is showing and thus decides whether the stranger is safe or dangerous. In fact, if the mother is looking in the wrong direction, the baby draws her attention to the stranger to see how she responds. This is called social referencing, and in doing this, infants are behaving as if they know that their mother has knowledge they do not have, and that they can get it by reading her emotions (de Rosnay et al. 2006).
Preschool ผ่านเกรด 3อ่านจิตใจและสร้างความสัมพันธ์: เป็นการศึกษาสังคมPreschoolers ที่มีรูปวาดรูปภาพและตัวอักษรบนแผ่นกระดาษจะมี stapled ร่วมกันทำหนังสือ พวกเขาจะสร้างวัดทักษะ และเรียนรู้มากขึ้น Manuelito กล่าวว่า เพื่อนของเขา Janae, "เหล่านี้เป็น rellenos ที่ abuela ของฉัน Janae หัวเราะที และ ตอบ "ที่ ดูเหมือนแซนด์วิช" มาเรียและเฮเลนแต่ละถึงหมายเดียวกัน และหลังจากครู่ มาเรียกล่าว ว่า "คุณสามารถใช้หนึ่งนาที และฉันจะใช้มันสำหรับนาที" ขอสก็อต ครู Shereece และมาริโกะนั่งในตารางเดียวกัน เพราะมักจะเล่นในกลุ่มต่าง ๆ หลังจากเพียงไม่กี่นาทีของการละเว้นกัน หญิงพบว่า มีสีเดียวกันที่ชอบเรียนรู้ทางสังคม และอารมณ์เป็นส่วนสำคัญของเด็กเล็กทุกประสบการณ์ ในช่วงปีแรก ๆ เด็กจะเรียนรู้ว่าคนจะคล้ายกัน แต่แตกต่าง กัน พัฒนาทักษะความร่วมมือ และหลีกเลี่ยงความขัดแย้ง และค้นพบอิทธิพลของพื้นหลังของครอบครัวและวัฒนธรรม ว่าทักษะทางสังคม และทางอารมณ์จะสอนอย่างเป็นกิจจะลักษณะ หรือไม่ครูได้ตกที่ในการเสนอโอกาสและคำแนะนำเพื่อช่วยให้เด็ก การเรียนรู้เกี่ยวกับผู้อื่นและการเดินทางพร้อมกับพวกเขา ในการเปิดมาก เช่น สก็อตกระตุ้น Shereece และมาริโกะนั่งร่วมกันเพื่อให้พวกเขาสามารถรับรู้กัน Although state learning standards for kindergarten and the primary grades increasingly include social studies, few of the standards focus on key skills related to social and emotional understanding, valuing differences and diversity, or learning to cooperate and manage conflict. This is surprising because national organizations such as the National Council for the Social Studies (NCSS) have an expanded view of social studies that goes beyond history geography, and civics to include interactions between people individual development, and culture (NCSS 2010). Yet with a growing focus on the Common Core State Standards for English language arts/literacy and mathematics(NGA & CCSSO 2010), early childhood teachers might pay less attention to young children's social and emotional development and other social studies content. Social and emotional learning supports children's classroom success by promoting behaviors that foster a positive and welcoming school environment, one in which children look forward to interacting with peers and teachers. This is particularly important during the preschool and primary grades, when potentially long-lasting basic social skills and attitudes toward others begin to take shape. Research shows that young children are emotionally and socially perceptive in ways that might easily be underestimated (see Banaji & Gelman 2013 for an overview). The same developing brain that quickly absorbs knowledge is also a sponge for understanding how people think and feel. Preschool through primary grade settings are, in essence, laboratories where children make new discoveries about the social world and incorporate their discoveries into developing positive social skills. This article profiles some of researchers have learned about the development of social and emotional understanding and its practical implications for early childhood teachers.Children as mind readers For many early childhood educators, Piaget's ideas about the inquiring, investigating young mind have been an inspiration for working with children. This young mind is also inquiring about and investigating people's social and emotional behavior. Yet in one respect, Piaget seems to have underestimated children's abilities in his description of them as egocentric. In much research since Piaget, child development scholars have concluded that rather than being socially and emotionally egocentric, even infants are aware that other people have knowledge, goals, and feelings different from their own, and they become passionately devoted to comprehending the mental states that cause other people to behave as they do(Astington & Hughes 2013; Carpendale & Lewis 2015). This can be readily observed when a 1-year-old baby, faced with a friendly stranger, turns to look at his mother's face to see what emotion she is showing and thus decides whether the stranger is safe or dangerous. In fact, if the mother is looking in the wrong direction, the baby draws her attention to the stranger to see how she responds. This is called social referencing, and in doing this, infants are behaving as if they know that their mother has knowledge they do not have, and that they can get it by reading her emotions (de Rosnay et al. 2006).
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