Cronbach and Meehl (1955) describe the complexity and challenge of
establishing construct validity for a new measure. Inadequate measures may
continue to be developed and used in organizational research for several reasons.
First, researchers may not understand the importance of reliability and validity
to sound measurement, and may rely on face validity if a measure appears to
capture the construct of interest. It has been shown, however, that".. .a measure
may appear to be a valid index of some variable, but lack construct and/or
criterion-related validity" (Stone, 1978, pp. 54-55). Second, developing sound
scales is a difficult and time-consuming process (Schmitt & Klimoski, 1991)