Place dependence, in contrast to place identity, refers to
connections based specifically on activities that take place in an outdoor, recreational
setting. It develops out of the fit between one’s intended use of an area and
the area’s ability to adequately provide that use, especially relative to alternative
sites. Place dependence is recognizable in the concept of resource specificity
common in the recreation literature and articulated by Jacob and Schreyer (1980;
see Gibbons and Ruddell 1995).