2. Material and methods
2.1. Research design
The cross-sectional survey design was the design for this study.
The cross-sectional nonexperimental designwas used because data
was collected from participants of different backgrounds by
recording vital data from selected participants at a time. This design
was adopted because it could lead the researchers to obtain thorough
information on the topic under study and to draw meaningful
conclusions from the data obtained.
2.2. Sample and sampling technique
The study used a convenient sampling technique to select the
organizations for the study. Thus, the study collected information
from organizations that were readily available and willing to
participate in this study. The purposive sampling technique was
then used to select operational mine workers out of the various
classification of mine workers as respondents for the study. The
purposive sampling technique was adopted because the study
sought to collect data from a specific group of people with needed
and relevant knowledge.
Participants in this study were 255 employees of three major
mining companies in Ghana. These participants represented
cumulatively 72.9% of the total population in these mining companies.
According to the survey conducted, the majority of the respondents
representing 84.3% were men, with 15.7% representing
the women respondents. Response rates from each of the three
mines sampled are shown in Table 1 below. This confirms the
notion that the mining industry of Ghana is characterized as or is a
male dominated industry as a result of the risk and hazardous
nature of the work.