We tested Gestonurse under three conditions: speech (S), gesture (G), and combined speech and gesture (SG). Note that in SG, we used the gestures and speech (see the online Appendix) to request the surgical instruments but not simultaneously. While Gestonurse can deal with simultaneous requests from multiple modalities, simultaneous requests using different modalities is not desirable during real-life surgeries. Surgeons are allowed to use only speech, only gestures, or speech and gestures one at a time during surgery.