Agriculture is increasingly called upon to address a wide range of critical needs: nutritious food for 9 billion people by 2050; higher and more resilient incomes; and environmental services. The fundamental needs to boost productivity, especially of smallholders, increase access to markets, reduce risks, boost rural employment, and provide environmental services come in a context where agriculture is challenged by accelerating climate change, increased market risk, tightening resource constraints, a growing need for engagement of the private sector in delivering agricultural public goods, too-slow progress on raising rural incomes in some regions, and too-slow progress on improving nutrition, especially for women and infants. The World Bank Group has increased its response to more than US$7 billion annually in new assistance and working with a cross-sectoral and landscape approach, combining agriculture, water, forestry, and biodiversity.