Human’s life is closely associated with the eco-system, which is the consequence of hundreds of millions of slow evolution of plants, chemicals and atmosphere. Ecology has been defined as surroundings or neighborhood or the entire eco-system of a place in which an organism lives.
It is also described as the total cosmos which forms not the world alone but the total universe. Strictly speaking ecology refers to that division of biology which treats of the relations between organisms and their environment. Human beings as organisms are exposed to the conditions of environment of different types-social, physical mental; to which are appended the destructive possibilities. Our environment mainly consists of two major elements:
(i) The physical environment comprising land, water and air (lethosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere), and
(ii) The biological environment comprising all living organisms, which provides the food and other materials for the survival and growth of man on the earth.
The industrial ecologisation is mainly concerned with physical environmental pollution—water, air and noise. The environmentalists are crying dismentalling of the industrial units on the ground that these pollute the surroundings endangering life of even the neighbourhood.
Water pollution:
Water is essential ingredient of life. It is the major agent for many necessary tasks of our daily life such as drinking, cleaning, cooking, fire-fighting, transporting, power generation etc. Human body itself is by weight 70 per cent water. The most interesting fact about water is immensity of its volume on earth.
It covers 1353 million cubic kilometers (about 18 times the volume of all land above sea level) and covers about 3/4 of earth’s surface. Inspite of the availability of the huge quantity of water there is only 0.8 per cent of water meant for our daily life and even that is not safe. One billion world’s population is compelled to drink dirty waters. According to National Environmental Engineering Research Institute scientists 70 per cent of India’s inland water is unfit for human consumption.
Factories discharge its ragged, sluttish harmful scrap of waste husk materials, ash effluents, oils and chemicals into nearby rivers, lakes, sea, ponds and wells. Waters pollution also occurs due to toxic as well as radio-active materials. All the rivers and seas are facing the problem of water pollution.
Only in Hugali at Calcutta untreated water of different 160 industries is discharged in it causing serious water pollution. Due to poring of effluent of different leather and textile and other industrial units situated at Kanpur, the most industrial city of U.P., Gangas water becomes black at Kanpur. From Gangotri to Varanasi, at least 1611 river lets fell down in Ganges with a huge amount of sewage, untreated effluents and industrial wastes.
Thousands of fishes and sea birds die due to the industrial oil pollution. In 1969 in U.S.A. 70 per cent of the fish kills were due to oil spills as well as the industrial waste. In the same year off the coast of America (California), there was massive oil spill in which almost 20,000 gallons of oil entered in the water every day. Approximately, there are 5,000 large and medium scale industrial units in India that pollutes the indispensable water.
According to an estimate, two-thirds of all illness in our nation are related to water borne diseases such as diarrhoea, typhoid, jaundice, cholera, dysentery etc., many of which have assumed epidemic dimensions. The World Health Organization’s study reports that 80 per cent diseases are caused due to lack of proper sanitation and short of drinking water.
A survey opinion is that 73 million work-days are lost annually to water related diseases, the cost of treating them and the loss in production is amounted to Rs. 600 crore per annum in India. A lot of amount is being spent by the Government of India to remove water pollution e.g., in the seventh plan, Rs. 250 crore was spent to cleanse the polluted Ganga.
Industrial waste should be well-treated on the industrial complexes and then poured in the water run away. Central board for the prevention and control of water pollution is making efforts for reducing and checking the water pollution throughout the country.
Thanks to our Government for establishing ‘Central Ganga Authority’ (C.G.A.) meant for cleaning of Ganga water but proper utilization of funds is needed and this scheme should be extended to other rivers.
Air pollution:
The air is also polluted by smoke and fog (SMOG), dust and fume, which are omitted by the industrial concerns. Today, clean air is a rare commodity in our overcrowded big cities and towns. The trouble with air pollution is that one cannot escape from it because if water is defiled, one may drink it after purification, but we cannot avoid breathing polluted air, we have to take it as it comes. One more problem associated with air pollution is that it is invisible which can be hardly seen by microscopic test only.
Industries produce as by-products poisonous gases and oxides which is puffed out into the atmosphere. Various dangerous gases as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, chlorine, ammonia, sulphur dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, methane; can be detected only by special instruments. The unfortunate Bhopal Catastrophe, in which flow of methyl-isocynate (MIC) from Uniox Carbide Corporation Ltd. (UCCL) tank took the life of at least 2,500 people, is the most repulsive and tragic accident in the industrial history of the world.
Scientists have developed a wide range of equipments to curb air pollution. Technological capabilities and control devices are available to abate air pollution problems, though some may not yet become economically feasible. Specific legislative control are being regulated to restrict air pollution caused by industrial misconduct.
Industrial noise:
Now ‘Noise Pollution’ is an addition in the world of pollutions. In the recent years industrial noise is regarded a serious problem for mankind. Early morning we get up and hear a lot of noise. In the night we are not able to get a sound sleep because of various noise caused by different factors. In our daily life clamorous noise arise from big plants, compels us to shut the ears, and it has adverse effects on hearings and blood pressures resulted in heart diseases. Due to noise pollution many children are born deaf nowadays. For measuring the sound decibel (D.B.) unit is used.
According to the studies made by the scientists, it is said that a man may become deaf living in an atmosphere with a noise above 85 D.B. Noise above 120 D.B. imposes -reverse effects to the pregnant ladies and their newly born babies. The industrialization oriented hullabaloo has made difficult to good sleeping and dwelling. The industrial development, since the advent of Industrial Revolution, is snapping and sundering the precious human peace and life.
Industrial growth without pollution should be the slogan of democratic governments for the welfare of mankind. Business managers should be counselled to pay attention on environmental protection. Environmentalism should be a popular movement in the industrial field. This is the most important thing for whole society and country. Not only the quality of goods and services but also quality of environment should be given proper attention.
Human’s life is closely associated with the eco-system, which is the consequence of hundreds of millions of slow evolution of plants, chemicals and atmosphere. Ecology has been defined as surroundings or neighborhood or the entire eco-system of a place in which an organism lives.
It is also described as the total cosmos which forms not the world alone but the total universe. Strictly speaking ecology refers to that division of biology which treats of the relations between organisms and their environment. Human beings as organisms are exposed to the conditions of environment of different types-social, physical mental; to which are appended the destructive possibilities. Our environment mainly consists of two major elements:
(i) The physical environment comprising land, water and air (lethosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere), and
(ii) The biological environment comprising all living organisms, which provides the food and other materials for the survival and growth of man on the earth.
The industrial ecologisation is mainly concerned with physical environmental pollution—water, air and noise. The environmentalists are crying dismentalling of the industrial units on the ground that these pollute the surroundings endangering life of even the neighbourhood.
Water pollution:
Water is essential ingredient of life. It is the major agent for many necessary tasks of our daily life such as drinking, cleaning, cooking, fire-fighting, transporting, power generation etc. Human body itself is by weight 70 per cent water. The most interesting fact about water is immensity of its volume on earth.
It covers 1353 million cubic kilometers (about 18 times the volume of all land above sea level) and covers about 3/4 of earth’s surface. Inspite of the availability of the huge quantity of water there is only 0.8 per cent of water meant for our daily life and even that is not safe. One billion world’s population is compelled to drink dirty waters. According to National Environmental Engineering Research Institute scientists 70 per cent of India’s inland water is unfit for human consumption.
Factories discharge its ragged, sluttish harmful scrap of waste husk materials, ash effluents, oils and chemicals into nearby rivers, lakes, sea, ponds and wells. Waters pollution also occurs due to toxic as well as radio-active materials. All the rivers and seas are facing the problem of water pollution.
Only in Hugali at Calcutta untreated water of different 160 industries is discharged in it causing serious water pollution. Due to poring of effluent of different leather and textile and other industrial units situated at Kanpur, the most industrial city of U.P., Gangas water becomes black at Kanpur. From Gangotri to Varanasi, at least 1611 river lets fell down in Ganges with a huge amount of sewage, untreated effluents and industrial wastes.
Thousands of fishes and sea birds die due to the industrial oil pollution. In 1969 in U.S.A. 70 per cent of the fish kills were due to oil spills as well as the industrial waste. In the same year off the coast of America (California), there was massive oil spill in which almost 20,000 gallons of oil entered in the water every day. Approximately, there are 5,000 large and medium scale industrial units in India that pollutes the indispensable water.
According to an estimate, two-thirds of all illness in our nation are related to water borne diseases such as diarrhoea, typhoid, jaundice, cholera, dysentery etc., many of which have assumed epidemic dimensions. The World Health Organization’s study reports that 80 per cent diseases are caused due to lack of proper sanitation and short of drinking water.
A survey opinion is that 73 million work-days are lost annually to water related diseases, the cost of treating them and the loss in production is amounted to Rs. 600 crore per annum in India. A lot of amount is being spent by the Government of India to remove water pollution e.g., in the seventh plan, Rs. 250 crore was spent to cleanse the polluted Ganga.
Industrial waste should be well-treated on the industrial complexes and then poured in the water run away. Central board for the prevention and control of water pollution is making efforts for reducing and checking the water pollution throughout the country.
Thanks to our Government for establishing ‘Central Ganga Authority’ (C.G.A.) meant for cleaning of Ganga water but proper utilization of funds is needed and this scheme should be extended to other rivers.
Air pollution:
The air is also polluted by smoke and fog (SMOG), dust and fume, which are omitted by the industrial concerns. Today, clean air is a rare commodity in our overcrowded big cities and towns. The trouble with air pollution is that one cannot escape from it because if water is defiled, one may drink it after purification, but we cannot avoid breathing polluted air, we have to take it as it comes. One more problem associated with air pollution is that it is invisible which can be hardly seen by microscopic test only.
Industries produce as by-products poisonous gases and oxides which is puffed out into the atmosphere. Various dangerous gases as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, chlorine, ammonia, sulphur dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, methane; can be detected only by special instruments. The unfortunate Bhopal Catastrophe, in which flow of methyl-isocynate (MIC) from Uniox Carbide Corporation Ltd. (UCCL) tank took the life of at least 2,500 people, is the most repulsive and tragic accident in the industrial history of the world.
Scientists have developed a wide range of equipments to curb air pollution. Technological capabilities and control devices are available to abate air pollution problems, though some may not yet become economically feasible. Specific legislative control are being regulated to restrict air pollution caused by industrial misconduct.
Industrial noise:
Now ‘Noise Pollution’ is an addition in the world of pollutions. In the recent years industrial noise is regarded a serious problem for mankind. Early morning we get up and hear a lot of noise. In the night we are not able to get a sound sleep because of various noise caused by different factors. In our daily life clamorous noise arise from big plants, compels us to shut the ears, and it has adverse effects on hearings and blood pressures resulted in heart diseases. Due to noise pollution many children are born deaf nowadays. For measuring the sound decibel (D.B.) unit is used.
According to the studies made by the scientists, it is said that a man may become deaf living in an atmosphere with a noise above 85 D.B. Noise above 120 D.B. imposes -reverse effects to the pregnant ladies and their newly born babies. The industrialization oriented hullabaloo has made difficult to good sleeping and dwelling. The industrial development, since the advent of Industrial Revolution, is snapping and sundering the precious human peace and life.
Industrial growth without pollution should be the slogan of democratic governments for the welfare of mankind. Business managers should be counselled to pay attention on environmental protection. Environmentalism should be a popular movement in the industrial field. This is the most important thing for whole society and country. Not only the quality of goods and services but also quality of environment should be given proper attention.
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ชีวิตของมนุษย์จะเกี่ยวข้องอย่างใกล้ชิดกับระบบนิเวศ ซึ่งเป็นผลจากหลายร้อยล้านของวิวัฒนาการช้าของพืช , สารเคมีและบรรยากาศ นิเวศวิทยาถูกกำหนดเป็นสภาพแวดล้อมหรือละแวก หรือทั้งระบบนิเวศของสถานที่ซึ่งมีสิ่งมีชีวิตอาศัยอยู่
มันก็อธิบายเป็นรูปแบบซึ่งไม่รวมจักรวาลโลกคนเดียว แต่ทั้งหมดทั้งมวลอย่างเคร่งครัดพูดนิเวศวิทยาหมายถึงที่ภาควิชาชีววิทยา ซึ่งถือว่าความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างสิ่งมีชีวิตกับสิ่งแวดล้อม มนุษย์เป็นสิ่งมีชีวิตที่สัมผัสกับเงื่อนไขของสภาพแวดล้อมที่แตกต่างกันประเภทของสังคมทางกายภาพ จิตใจ ซึ่งจะผนวกความเป็นไปได้ที่ทำลาย สิ่งแวดล้อมของเราส่วนใหญ่ประกอบด้วยสององค์ประกอบหลัก :
( 1 ) สภาพแวดล้อมทางกายภาพ ประกอบด้วย ดิน น้ำ และอากาศ ( lethosphere อุทกภาคและบรรยากาศ , ) และ
( 2 ) ชีววิทยาสิ่งแวดล้อมประกอบด้วยทั้งหมดของสิ่งมีชีวิต ซึ่งบริการอาหารและวัสดุอื่น ๆเพื่อความอยู่รอดและการเจริญเติบโตของมนุษย์บนโลก
ecologisation อุตสาหกรรมเป็นส่วนใหญ่ที่เกี่ยวข้องกับทางกายภาพมลพิษทางสิ่งแวดล้อม น้ำ , อากาศ และเสียงพวกนักอนุรักษ์สิ่งแวดล้อมร้องไห้ dismentalling ของหน่วยอุตสาหกรรมในพื้นที่เหล่านี้ก่อให้เกิดมลพิษต่อสิ่งแวดล้อมเป็นอันตรายต่อชีวิต หรือใกล้เคียง มลพิษทางน้ำ :
น้ำเป็นส่วนประกอบสําคัญของชีวิต มันคือตัวแทนที่สำคัญหลายที่จำเป็นงานของชีวิตประจำวันของเรา เช่น ดื่ม , ทำความสะอาด , ทำอาหาร , ดับเพลิง , การขนส่ง , การผลิตกระแสไฟฟ้า ฯลฯร่างกายของมนุษย์นั่นเอง โดยน้ำหนักร้อยละ 70 น้ำ ที่น่าสนใจข้อเท็จจริงเกี่ยวกับน้ำ คือ ความใหญ่โตมโหฬารของน้ำหนักบนโลก
มันครอบคลุม 1278 ล้านลูกบาศก์กิโลเมตร ( ประมาณ 18 เท่าของปริมาตรทั้งหมด ที่ดินสูงกว่าระดับน้ำทะเล ) และครอบคลุมประมาณ 3 / 4 ของผิวโลก เพราะว่ามีปริมาณขนาดใหญ่ของน้ำมีเพียง 08 ร้อยละของน้ำหมายถึงชีวิตของเราทุกวันและยังไม่ปลอดภัย ประชากรหนึ่งพันล้านของโลกที่ถูกบังคับให้ดื่มน้ำสกปรก ตามที่สถาบันวิจัยวิศวกรรมสิ่งแวดล้อมนักวิทยาศาสตร์ร้อยละ 70 ของอินเดีย แหล่งน้ำ ไม่เหมาะสำหรับการบริโภคของมนุษย์ โรงงาน
จำหน่ายของมอมแมม sluttish เป็นอันตรายเศษวัสดุแกลบขี้เถ้าทิ้งขยะ ,น้ำมันและสารเคมีลงในแม่น้ำ ใกล้เคียง ทะเลสาบ ทะเล สระน้ำ และบ่อน้ำ . น้ำมลพิษยังเกิดขึ้นเนื่องจากพิษเช่นเดียวกับวิทยุ วัสดุที่ใช้งานอยู่ ทั้งแม่น้ำและทะเลกำลังเผชิญปัญหาของมลพิษทางน้ำ
เฉพาะใน hugali ที่กัลกัตตา และน้ำที่แตกต่างกัน 160 อุตสาหกรรมปล่อยในน้ำที่ก่อให้เกิดมลพิษร้ายแรงเนื่องจากโพริ่งของน้ำทิ้งของหนังที่แตกต่างกันและสิ่งทอและอุตสาหกรรมอื่น ๆที่หน่วยตั้งอยู่ที่คานปูร์ เมืองอุตสาหกรรมมากที่สุดของน้ำกลายเป็นสีดำใน U.P . วิธี , Kanpur . จาก Gangotri ไปเมืองพาราณสี แม่น้ำอย่างน้อย 1611 ให้ล้มลงในแม่น้ำคงคา มีเป็นจำนวนมาก และสิ่งปฏิกูลน้ำเสียดิบ , ของเสียอุตสาหกรรม .
พันปลาและนกทะเลที่ตายเนื่องจากมลพิษน้ำมันอุตสาหกรรมในปี 1969 ในสหรัฐอเมริกา ร้อยละ 70 ของปลาฆ่าเกิดจากน้ำมันที่รั่วไหล รวมทั้งกากอุตสาหกรรม ในปีเดียวกัน ออกจากชายฝั่งของอเมริกา ( แคลิฟอร์เนีย ) , มีหกน้ำมันขนาดใหญ่ที่เกือบ 20 , 000 แกลลอนน้ำมันใส่ในน้ำทุกวัน ประมาณ 5000 มีขนาดใหญ่และขนาดกลางหน่วยอุตสาหกรรมในอินเดียที่เป็นมลพิษต่อ
น้ำที่ขาดไม่ได้ตามการประมาณการ , สองในสามของการเจ็บป่วยในประเทศของเรามีความสัมพันธ์กับโรคที่เกิดจากน้ำ เช่น ท้องร่วง ไทฟอยด์ อหิวาตกโรค โรคบิด ดีซ่าน ฯลฯ หลายแห่งซึ่งได้สันนิษฐานมิติระบาด องค์การอนามัยโลกศึกษารายงานว่าร้อยละ 80 ต่อโรคที่เกิดจากการขาดสุขอนามัยที่เหมาะสม และขาดน้ำดื่ม
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