The cumulative, undiscounted per capita direct medical costs of noninterventionrelated medical care by intervention group and year following randomization are shown in Table 2 and Fig. 1B. These are the costs of medical care received outside the DPP/DPPOS. The direct medical costs of nonintervention-related medical care were substantially greater than the costs of the interventions, and within 3 years,
the cumulative costs of noninterventionrelated
medical care exceeded the 10-year cumulative directmedical costs of the interventions. The cumulative per-participant direct medical costs of noninterventionrelated medical care increased substantially over time. From the outset of the DPP, the per-participant costs of placebo exceeded those of lifestyle and metformin. The greater cost of nonintervention-related medical care for placebo was largely driven by greater use of outpatient and inpatient services, prescription medications, and by the greater rate of conversion to diabetes with the attendant costs of self-monitoring and laboratory tests (Table 2). Across treatment groups, the direct medical costs of nonintervention-related medical care were 34–44% higher among diabetic participants compared with nondiabetic participants (Supplementary Table 3). Over 10 years, cumulative, per capita noninterventionrelated
direct medical costs were greater by $1,623 and $2,198 for placebo compared with metformin and lifestyle, respectively.