The apoptosis detection methods discussed in this chapter are based mainly on the profound changes in cell membrane and nuclear morphology that occur during the course of apoptosis. The methods will first be discussed briefly, followed by short protocols for each of the methods.
Detection methods that assess the viability of cells undergoing apoptosis are based on (a) the intactness of the plasma membrane; (b) the morphological state of the nucleus; or, (c) certain cellular enzymes and/or their biochemical function. Membrane impermeant dyes such as trypan blue, ethidium bromide, or propidium iodide are used in assays that are based on the principle of dye exclusion. (6-8)