Transgenic fish technology provides a key biotechnological opportunity to enhance global production and quality of aquatic foods, particularly at the local level in developing nations where aquaculture has an important role in producing animal protein for human consumption. The issues raised above regarding the estimation of natural fitness present significant obstacles but also raise challenges that require resolution if transgenic fish technology is to reach its potential in the coming decades. Although improved facilities are needed to enable the culture of transgenic strains with natural phenotypes for risk assessments, this approach will only partially solve the problems associated with fitness assessments. As such, it is clear that biotechnological solutions are urgently required for containment, to prevent interactions between transgenic fish and wild fish populations. In response to the needs of a burgeoning human population, food production activities have destroyed many forest and prairie ecosystems, globally. The future application of safe biotechnological solutions to enhance the efficiency of food production, including transgenic fish, might stem the need for continued growth of conventional agricultural production systems to the benefit of natural ecosystems.