Overview
Schooling is compulsory from age 5 to 16 (4 to 16 in Northern Ireland). All publicly funded
schools must provide the national curriculum. Depending on the key stage of compulsory
education (8), the national curriculum comprises different compulsory subjects, with core
subjects like English, mathematics, science, ICT, etc., included throughout the studies. At age
16 most pupils take public examinations, the general certificate of secondary education
(GCSE) (level 2) in England, Wales and Northern Ireland (see Figure 4) and the standard
grade in Scotland (see Glossary). GCSEs are normally taken in a range of single subjects, and
a certificate is issued listing the grade achieved in each subject. After completion of
compulsory education in secondary schools, young people may choose to continue in school,
move to a sixth-form college or a further education (FE) college, enter employment with
training such as an apprenticeship, or enter employment without apprenticeship.
Students remaining in education at a school or a college may choose between general
(academic) and vocational subjects or take a mixture of the two. Normally, the upper
secondary phase lasts two years, from age 16 to 18 or 19. The dominant qualification is
general certificate of education (GCE) A-levels (level 3). A-levels are elective single subject
qualifications, which students choose on the basis of GCSE qualifications, interest and
intended destination. Students are encouraged to study up to five subjects in the first year of
post-secondary education and upon completion, they are awarded the GCE advanced
subsidiary (AS) qualification. Those who continue in the second year, study more demanding
units in three of these five subjects to obtain the full GCE A-level on successful completion
(graded A to E, A being the highest) (see Glossary).
School- and college-based vocational qualifications and pathways are developing. The general
national vocational qualifications (GNVQs) introduced in the 1990s will be phased out by
2007, and vocational GCSEs and vocational A-levels have been introduced since 2000.
Overview
Schooling is compulsory from age 5 to 16 (4 to 16 in Northern Ireland). All publicly funded
schools must provide the national curriculum. Depending on the key stage of compulsory
education (8), the national curriculum comprises different compulsory subjects, with core
subjects like English, mathematics, science, ICT, etc., included throughout the studies. At age
16 most pupils take public examinations, the general certificate of secondary education
(GCSE) (level 2) in England, Wales and Northern Ireland (see Figure 4) and the standard
grade in Scotland (see Glossary). GCSEs are normally taken in a range of single subjects, and
a certificate is issued listing the grade achieved in each subject. After completion of
compulsory education in secondary schools, young people may choose to continue in school,
move to a sixth-form college or a further education (FE) college, enter employment with
training such as an apprenticeship, or enter employment without apprenticeship.
Students remaining in education at a school or a college may choose between general
(academic) and vocational subjects or take a mixture of the two. Normally, the upper
secondary phase lasts two years, from age 16 to 18 or 19. The dominant qualification is
general certificate of education (GCE) A-levels (level 3). A-levels are elective single subject
qualifications, which students choose on the basis of GCSE qualifications, interest and
intended destination. Students are encouraged to study up to five subjects in the first year of
post-secondary education and upon completion, they are awarded the GCE advanced
subsidiary (AS) qualification. Those who continue in the second year, study more demanding
units in three of these five subjects to obtain the full GCE A-level on successful completion
(graded A to E, A being the highest) (see Glossary).
School- and college-based vocational qualifications and pathways are developing. The general
national vocational qualifications (GNVQs) introduced in the 1990s will be phased out by
2007, and vocational GCSEs and vocational A-levels have been introduced since 2000.
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