Anxiety and depressive disorders are related through comorbidity and shared risk factors. Although some particular anxiety disorders may show relatively weak associations with depressive disorders, clinical and epidemiological studies find that anxiety and depressive disorders rarely occur in pure forms. Factor analytic approaches suggest that these data reflect the influence of a higher-order “internalizing” factor. In the process of revising DSM-IV, these findings have stimulated calls for rethinking of diagnostic classes based on data regarding similarities and differences in risk factors. Particularly intense inquiry focuses on generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depression. Factor analysis links GAD more closely to depressive disorders (internalizing anxious-misery dimension) than tooter anxiety disorders, such as phobias and panic disorder (internalizing fear dimension). Research on genetics, personality, and adversities also supports this view. However, this view is challenged by many other observations including those regarding familial factors temperament life events biological characteristics comorbidity illness course cognitive biases and treatment. Despite the considerable research on the relationship between GAD and major depression to our knowledge, no prior study has used a longitudinal approach to quantify the degree to which similarities and differences in risk profiles and symptom trajectories support a grouping of GAD with depressive as opposed to anxiety disorders. Beyond major depression, considering dysthymia is important given findings regarding comorbidity structure and disease course. The present study provides data on similarities and differences in developmental features and risk factors of anxiety and depressive disorders. Specifically, we test whether developmental features of GAD are more consistently associated with depressive as opposed to anxiety disorders. Using data from a prospective, longitudinal community study, we will
(1) Compare incidence and comorbidity patterns of GAD with depressive disorders (major depression and dysthymia) and selected anxiety disorders (panic disorder and phobias) and
(2) examine putative family-genetic, temperamental/personality, and environmental factors that might be differentially associated with specific conditions.
Anxiety and depressive disorders are related through comorbidity and shared risk factors. Although some particular anxiety disorders may show relatively weak associations with depressive disorders, clinical and epidemiological studies find that anxiety and depressive disorders rarely occur in pure forms. Factor analytic approaches suggest that these data reflect the influence of a higher-order “internalizing” factor. In the process of revising DSM-IV, these findings have stimulated calls for rethinking of diagnostic classes based on data regarding similarities and differences in risk factors. Particularly intense inquiry focuses on generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depression. Factor analysis links GAD more closely to depressive disorders (internalizing anxious-misery dimension) than tooter anxiety disorders, such as phobias and panic disorder (internalizing fear dimension). Research on genetics, personality, and adversities also supports this view. However, this view is challenged by many other observations including those regarding familial factors temperament life events biological characteristics comorbidity illness course cognitive biases and treatment. Despite the considerable research on the relationship between GAD and major depression to our knowledge, no prior study has used a longitudinal approach to quantify the degree to which similarities and differences in risk profiles and symptom trajectories support a grouping of GAD with depressive as opposed to anxiety disorders. Beyond major depression, considering dysthymia is important given findings regarding comorbidity structure and disease course. The present study provides data on similarities and differences in developmental features and risk factors of anxiety and depressive disorders. Specifically, we test whether developmental features of GAD are more consistently associated with depressive as opposed to anxiety disorders. Using data from a prospective, longitudinal community study, we will (1) Compare incidence and comorbidity patterns of GAD with depressive disorders (major depression and dysthymia) and selected anxiety disorders (panic disorder and phobias) and (2) examine putative family-genetic, temperamental/personality, and environmental factors that might be differentially associated with specific conditions.
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