In much of Europe, this latitude was codified in the form of ‘private copy’ rules, which allowed personal copying in return for a payment of levies on copying technologies–blank media, tape recorders, and so on. In the US, despite some efforts in the early 1990s to create such rules for Digital Audio Tape (remember that? No?), the private copy model never took hold, leaving most of the practices associated with sharing media illegal or under a cloud of legal uncertainty.