Results
SNP and L-NAME Treatment Regulates NO and NOS levels in Notexin-Damaged TA Muscle
Using H&E and dystrophine fluorescence staining, we observed on day 4 post-injury, Notexin injection in TA muscle in WT mice induced myofiber necrosis and degeneration. Damage was gradually replaced by smaller regenerating myofibers, and centrally nucleated myofibers became prominent on day 7. Myorepair was almost completed on day 10 (Fig.1). We therefore took day 4 and 7 as the detection time points of necrosis and regeneration, respectively. As expected, mean NO concentration (umol/g muscle protein) in damaged muscle tissue significantly increased to 21.98 and 11.36 after NO donor SNP injection, but decreased to 3.26 and 1.97 after L-NAME injection, compared to animals with Notexin-treatment alone (12.46 and 5.13 ) on day 4 and 7 post-injury, respectively (Fig.2). Our qRT-PCR analysis further proved that, the mRNA expression of nNOS, eNOS and iNOS greatly increased in Notexin-damaged muscle at day 4 and 7, with the highest level of iNOS. L-NAME treatment caused the significant down-regulation of three NOS isoforms in damaged muscle, compared to untreated but damaged ones (Fig.3).
Nitric Oxide Interfere with Muscle-Autoantigens and TLR3 Expression in Notexin-Damaged Skeletal Muscle tissue
Using an in vitro culturing system of C2C12 myoblasts, we recently found the expression of TLR3 and of proteins known to represent autoantigens in inflammatory autoimmune myopathies were down-regulated by SNP and, conversely, up-regulated by L-NAME [12]. This data suggested a role of NO on help to control skeletal muscle inflammation and immune response. For further investigating the in vivo effect of NO on myoinjury induced inflammation response, in this study, Notexin-induced mice myoinjuy model were prepared and treated with SNP, or L-NAME respectively. The expression levels of muscle autoantigens (Mi-2, HRS, DNA-PKcs and Ku-70) and the proinflammatory TLR3 and TLR7 were analyzed in damaged muscle tissue by qRT-PCR and immunoblotting.
Table 1
ResultsSNP and L-NAME Treatment Regulates NO and NOS levels in Notexin-Damaged TA MuscleUsing H&E and dystrophine fluorescence staining, we observed on day 4 post-injury, Notexin injection in TA muscle in WT mice induced myofiber necrosis and degeneration. Damage was gradually replaced by smaller regenerating myofibers, and centrally nucleated myofibers became prominent on day 7. Myorepair was almost completed on day 10 (Fig.1). We therefore took day 4 and 7 as the detection time points of necrosis and regeneration, respectively. As expected, mean NO concentration (umol/g muscle protein) in damaged muscle tissue significantly increased to 21.98 and 11.36 after NO donor SNP injection, but decreased to 3.26 and 1.97 after L-NAME injection, compared to animals with Notexin-treatment alone (12.46 and 5.13 ) on day 4 and 7 post-injury, respectively (Fig.2). Our qRT-PCR analysis further proved that, the mRNA expression of nNOS, eNOS and iNOS greatly increased in Notexin-damaged muscle at day 4 and 7, with the highest level of iNOS. L-NAME treatment caused the significant down-regulation of three NOS isoforms in damaged muscle, compared to untreated but damaged ones (Fig.3).Nitric Oxide Interfere with Muscle-Autoantigens and TLR3 Expression in Notexin-Damaged Skeletal Muscle tissueUsing an in vitro culturing system of C2C12 myoblasts, we recently found the expression of TLR3 and of proteins known to represent autoantigens in inflammatory autoimmune myopathies were down-regulated by SNP and, conversely, up-regulated by L-NAME [12]. This data suggested a role of NO on help to control skeletal muscle inflammation and immune response. For further investigating the in vivo effect of NO on myoinjury induced inflammation response, in this study, Notexin-induced mice myoinjuy model were prepared and treated with SNP, or L-NAME respectively. The expression levels of muscle autoantigens (Mi-2, HRS, DNA-PKcs and Ku-70) and the proinflammatory TLR3 and TLR7 were analyzed in damaged muscle tissue by qRT-PCR and immunoblotting.
Table 1
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