Conclusion
The choice of a suitable de-colourization system is an investigation of all parameters which
include capital cost, operational cost, de-colourization effectiveness, process flexibility and
environmental impact. The choice is also dependent on local energy and environment
requirements and for brown field’s expansion, space requirement. Bone char is considered an
obsolete process, Ion exchange and GAC taking over the lion’s share of the market. GAC is the
best process but is only cost effective in areas of lo energy cost. HPA has overturned the
previously held record as being expensive with regards to operating cost due to its low dosage
compared to PAC and its low capital costs compared to IEX and BC.