2.3.2. Experiments with model solution
Model solution was prepared according to the characteristics of NF concentrate produced at the water recovery of 75% during NF experiment. It contained 20 mmol L−1 NaCl, 2.5 mmol L−1 NaHCO3, 1.5 mmol L−1 CaCl2, 40 mg L−1 alginate and the four antibiotics spiked at 600 μg L−1 for each analyte with pH of 7.9. Feed volume was 4 L for each experiment. UV254 photolysis, ozonation and UV/O3 experiments were conducted individually with the UV lamp or ozone generator turning on or off. All the experiments proceeded for 30 min. At regular time intervals, 20 mL samples were withdrawn from the reactor, then 200 μL sodium nitrite solution (1 mol L−1) was immediately added into the samples to quench the residual ozone. Samples were then kept at −15 °C until analysis.
2.3.2. Experiments with model solutionModel solution was prepared according to the characteristics of NF concentrate produced at the water recovery of 75% during NF experiment. It contained 20 mmol L−1 NaCl, 2.5 mmol L−1 NaHCO3, 1.5 mmol L−1 CaCl2, 40 mg L−1 alginate and the four antibiotics spiked at 600 μg L−1 for each analyte with pH of 7.9. Feed volume was 4 L for each experiment. UV254 photolysis, ozonation and UV/O3 experiments were conducted individually with the UV lamp or ozone generator turning on or off. All the experiments proceeded for 30 min. At regular time intervals, 20 mL samples were withdrawn from the reactor, then 200 μL sodium nitrite solution (1 mol L−1) was immediately added into the samples to quench the residual ozone. Samples were then kept at −15 °C until analysis.
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