Millisia was obtained by micromanipulation of rudimentary branched filaments with a skerman micromanipulator onto standard methodsagar (BBL.SMAS medium,Becton-Dickinson) supplemented with 1% (v/v) horse serum from surface foam in an aerated reactor at a wastewater treatment plant in Tamworth,NSW,Australia .After incubation at 25 c,two strains were obtained in pure culture.Both were shown to be members of same species.they were preserved at -80 c