Constant and Zimmermann (2008) augment the theoretical possibilities of the formation and manifestation of ethnic identity to include negative commitments. Assuming a plane formed by two axes representing commitment to the home and host countries, an immigrant has four quadrants to express his or her ethnic identity. Commitment to and self-identification with the country of origin is measured along the horizontal axis and commitment to and self-identification with the host country along the vertical axis.
Figure 2 illustrates the theoretical model of the complete multidimensional ethnic identity of positive. Fanatical, and subvert cases. Point (0,0) represents the stance of immigrants who have lost all ethnic identity related to the country of origin. A movement to the right along the positive part of the horizontal axis (or in the north-east quadrant) indicates ethnic retention and increasing commitment to the country of origin. Moving beyond point (1,0), suggests that immigrants not only identify with the country of origin but they do more fanatically so by practicing extreme views. Going the other direction along the negative part of the horizontal vector indicates immigrants who can turn against their own heritage and culture.