Fruits are currently transported by sea at 13 ◦C with a voyage time of up to 16 days (G. De Martino, Dole Italy,
pers. comm.). Allowing for a three-day delay between harvest and loading the vessel, the total green life required to reach Europe is 19 days. The average summer (July) shipping temperature from Costa Rica to Italy is 24 ◦C and the equation estimates that fruit could be shipped if ethylene was maintained at 0.002 uL/L (CL,0.00005–0.063). In winter, the average shipping temperature during January is 17 ◦C (World Climate, 2013).