2.2. Grapes and winemakingMencia grapes were harvested during the month of Septemberin a 15-year-old vineyard, located (42.25 N, 6.59 W) in the area ofAppellation d’Origine Contrôlé Valdeorras, at about 400 m a.s.l.,and close to the Sil river, in an environment characterised by highrelative humidity (about 80%) during the month of September.Plants, grafted on 110 Richter and trained on Cordon Royat system,are arranged N–S on a <5% slope, vine spacing being 2.50 m 1.40 m. Harvest took place by the end of September 2005. Grapes(5000 kg) were hand-harvested, placed in 20-kg plastic boxes,and transported to the winery. Winemaking was carried out inthe Jesús Nazareno Cooperative Cellar (El Barco de Valdeorras,Orense, Spain). Grapes were crushed and de-stemmed, and werelater treated with sulfur dioxide (50 mg L–1).Two 2500-L stainless steel tanks were used for winemaking. Inone tank, a traditional winemaking was carried out. In the othertank, a prefermentative cryomaceration was carried out, usingdry ice to drop the temperature to 4–5 C; this temperature wasmaintained for three days, adding dry ice when necessary. In bothcases, tanks were inoculated with 40 g/100 L Levuline BRG yeast(Lallemand, Alcázar de San Juan, Spain); temperature was maintainedat 26 C during the alcoholic fermentation, and must waspumped over twice a day. At the end of alcoholic fermentation,wines were transferred to another stainless steel tank, and UvafermAlpha lactic bacteria (Lallemand, Alcázar de San Juan, Spain)were inoculated, following the manufacturer’s instructions, to ensurean optimal development of malolactic fermentation. Then,wines were transferred to other stainless steel tanks. The level ofsulfur dioxide was adjusted to 30 mg L–1, remaining in those tanksuntil spontaneous sedimentation of lees took place. Thus, two differentyoung red wines were obtained: a control wine made withtraditional winemaking (T), and a wine made after cold prefermentativemaceration (F).
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