With increasing numbers of women electing to give
birth in health institutions, the Government of India decided
to strengthen PPFP and to introduce PPIUCD services
in a phased manner, with the first batch of clinician
trainings, in 2009. A national training center was established
at Safdarjung Hospital in New Delhi, as well as
three regional training centers in Mumbai, Jabalpur, and
Lucknow in 2009–2010. The provision of PPIUCDs is being
rapidly scaled up in India, with facilities in at least
nineteen states offering the method in 2013. Previously,
concerns about the PPIUCD focused on high expulsion
rates. Studies published in the nineties and early 2000 reported
rates of about 9-13% [9-11]. However, lower expulsion
rates have been reported more recently with
improvements in insertion technique [12,13].