Soil is the basic environmental elements constituting ecosystem, and the important material basis of
human being surviving and developing. The environmental safety of soil becomes severe in China with
the boost of industrialization and urbanization. It was calculated that, the contaminated soil reached about
150 million mu. The soil contaminated resulting from sewage irrigation was 32.5 million mu, and the soil
stockpiled and ruined by solid waste was 2 million mu. These covered 10% of the total cultivated area. As
different kinds of industrial wastewater, exhaust gas, livestock manures, sewage irrigation and sludge
farm application have all become the sources of heavy metals [1], the soil contaminated by heavy metals
has become one of the environmental problems that polluted widely and harm severely. It can be see from
the bulletin on Chinese domestic environmental conditions of 2000 year that [2], the heavy metals in 36
thousands hectare of the soil was out of limit in the surveyed 0.3 million hectare soil and the over
standard rate reached 12.1%. The data in high level Chinese food safety forum of 2009 year revealed that,1/6 of the cultivated land was contaminated by heavy metals and the area was more than 20 million
hectare. The pollution of water and contamination of soil by heavy metals have become a threat to
ecological environment, food safety and agriculture sustainable development. It was estimated by the
ministry of environment protection, the grain contaminated by heavy metals reached 12 million tons and
the immediate economic loss was over 20 billion yuan. The soil contaminated by heavy metals manifests
as concealment, accumulation, irreversibility, and protraction. The prevention of heavy metals
contaminated soil is not only needed to control the sources, but also enhance the remediation of
contaminated soil [3].
The European countries have invested a lot to remediate the contaminated soils [4]. In the 1980s, the
U.S. Congress has passed the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation & Liability Act
(CERCLA), namely superfund program, in order to protect the human health and remediate the
environmental pollution. There are many other laws and regulations, such as The Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act (RCRA), Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA), emphasize the
standard and behavior of soil remediation. From 1982 to 2002 year, the area of remediated land has
reached 18.35 million m3. The Britain also passed Environmental Protection Act in the 1990s and in
which the second part clearly stated that the principle of polluter responsibility. As compared to the
developed countries, the investment and research in the remediation of contaminated soil was not far
enough.