the highest ratio of native cattle to other breeds (84:16) with
0.6 million head in the South of Thailand (DLD, 2010). This
population was built up due to the Thai governmental
support policy, especially for smallscale farms that raised
their cattle by free grazing in communal land or public area
without supplementation. This no-cost raising may be unsuitable
at this time, when the economic return of land-use is
concern. Pineapple, one of the important economic plants, is
usually consumed fresh, or as pineapple juice, fruit pulp or
canned. Pineapple residue is a by-product of the pineapple