Figure 16.4 shows a prisoner’s dilemma transformation that regards good things happening to the other man as of equal value to benefits for self. Systems theorists would say that the individuals have redefined the system so that it now includes the other person. The subjective shift to joint outcomes clearly makes stonewalling the desirable choice. The men no longer face a dilemma. Although there’s no evidence that either Smith or Hickock added their partner’s rewards into their own benefit mix, some close friends and lovers obviously do.