the variables are defined such that: O1 and O3 are pre- tests; O2, O4, O5 and O6
are post tests; X is treatment. Group E1 received pre-test, X and post-test; Group C1 received
a pre-test and post-test; Group E2 received X and post-test and group C2 received the posttest
only. This design was suitable in achieving three purposes according to Gall, Borg &
Gall, (1996) which are: assessing the effects of the experimental treatment in relation to
control, determining the effects of pre-test, and assessing the interaction between pre-test and
treatment conditions.