Yes. Using content types, you can set information management policy settings. These settings allow you to expire documents based on content type. What happens at expiration time can be configured. A disposition workflow may be kicked off, or you could just delete the document.
To try this out, go to list settings -> advanced settings and check "Allow Management of content types".
Then click the document content type from the list setting page. From the content type information page, click "Information managament policy settings". Select "Define a policy..." and click OK. from there you can configure expiration.
Note: You will have to configure any workflows that should run at expiration time BEFORE configuring expiration itself.
EDIT: looking further, I see you want to archive, not just expire. To do this, implement a workflow on the list that moves the file into an archive folder (or onto a filesystem or wherever) and configure that workflow to run on expiration.