Data analysis
Demographic details of the participants were summarised
using the computer program, SPSS version 14.0 (Chicago,
IL, USA). Consistent with grounded theory methods, data
analysis of the observational and interview data used con-
stant comparison processes and was conducted concurrently
with sampling and data collection (Beije, 2002). Initial open
coding was followed by more focused coding as categories
emerged and were developed. Transcripts of the interview
data were corroborated with the participants to ensure that
the notes taken were accurate. Validity was established
through an audit trail and reflexivity (Koro-Ljungberg, 2008).
Findings
A total of 38 handovers were observed and 20 conversa-
tional interviews (with one or two participants at a time)
were conducted. Table 2 summarises the number and
designation of the participants observed and interviewed
as well as the settings in which the clinical handovers were
observed. Four categories emerged during data analysis: (1)
handover process; (2) handover content; (3) handover tools;
and (4) factors compromising handover.