There were no statistically significant differences between
groups in distance during the walk test, MVC or ROM measures
(Table 3). There were statistically significant changes in scores
for total WOMAC, WOMAC pain, WOMAC stiffness, or WOMAC
function between visit 1 and at the end of TENS treatment on visit
3 for the whole sample or between groups examined by ANOVA
(Table 4). For each of the 4 measures, the differences are statistically
significantly greater than zero. This means that the values
measured at day 3 had significantly decreased as compared with
the values measured at day 1. However, there is no statistically significant
difference between the treatment groups based on the
WOMAC measures. There were no correlations between any outcomes
and PCS, PASS20 or HAD. Open comments collected using
a treatment evaluation form (in Dutch) after TENS at visit 3 found
no significant differences in opinions about the acceptability of the
3 TENS interventions, and there was no overt relationship between
these comments with pain or function outcome.