Analysis of Gene Expression. Results obtained from the irradiation with UVA were not significant (data not shown). Exposure of skin cells to UVB radiation resulted in the alteration of important signal pathways associated with skin aging. UVB exposure significantly increased gene expression of pro-apoptotic caspase 3, MMP1, and MMP13 and decreased SIRT1 expression in fibroblast cells (Figure 5). Matrix MMPs are a family of endoproteases with the ability to degrade extracellular matrix proteins. The activity of MMPs can be regulated at three levels: synthesis (gene UVB-exposed cells with PE concentrations higher than 10 mg/L decreased (p < 0.05) the expression of MMP1 and MMP13 induced by UVB. Moreover, treatment of UVBexposed cells with 20 mg/L of PE reduced MMP levels to those of nonexposed cells. Expression of SIRT1 in human skin cells has been related to visible improvement of the aged skin (17), while a decline in SIRT1 expression has been associated with accelerated aging of mice (38). Exposure of skin fibroblasts to UVB radiation significantly decreased SIRT1 expression. Treatment with PEs appeared to increase SIRT1 expression in UVB-exposed cells in a dose-dependent manner; however, effects were not significant (Figure 5). Cell exposure to UV radiation can also trigger excessive programmed cell death (apoptosis) in skin cells through the activation of caspases. Caspase 3 is an effector caspase that results in cellular disassembly when activated (39). Exposure of fibroblast skin cells to UVB up-regulated the expression of caspase 3, while treatment with pomegranate (5 mg/L) reversed this effect to basal levels (p < 0.05). However, increased PE concentrations (>5 mg/L) induced caspase 3 expression to some extent (Figure 5).
Analysis of Gene Expression. Results obtained from the irradiation with UVA were not significant (data not shown). Exposure of skin cells to UVB radiation resulted in the alteration of important signal pathways associated with skin aging. UVB exposure significantly increased gene expression of pro-apoptotic caspase 3, MMP1, and MMP13 and decreased SIRT1 expression in fibroblast cells (Figure 5). Matrix MMPs are a family of endoproteases with the ability to degrade extracellular matrix proteins. The activity of MMPs can be regulated at three levels: synthesis (gene UVB-exposed cells with PE concentrations higher than 10 mg/L decreased (p < 0.05) the expression of MMP1 and MMP13 induced by UVB. Moreover, treatment of UVBexposed cells with 20 mg/L of PE reduced MMP levels to those of nonexposed cells. Expression of SIRT1 in human skin cells has been related to visible improvement of the aged skin (17), while a decline in SIRT1 expression has been associated with accelerated aging of mice (38). Exposure of skin fibroblasts to UVB radiation significantly decreased SIRT1 expression. Treatment with PEs appeared to increase SIRT1 expression in UVB-exposed cells in a dose-dependent manner; however, effects were not significant (Figure 5). Cell exposure to UV radiation can also trigger excessive programmed cell death (apoptosis) in skin cells through the activation of caspases. Caspase 3 is an effector caspase that results in cellular disassembly when activated (39). Exposure of fibroblast skin cells to UVB up-regulated the expression of caspase 3, while treatment with pomegranate (5 mg/L) reversed this effect to basal levels (p < 0.05). However, increased PE concentrations (>5 mg/L) induced caspase 3 expression to some extent (Figure 5).
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