High-performance polymer composites are increasingly used in
sliding components such as bushings and journal bearings owing
to their superior self-lubricating capability, mechanical properties
and chemical resistance [1–4]. In the last decades, the tribology of
polymer composites attracts extensive interests from both academia
and industry. Numerous self-lubricating composites were
formulated for various sliding contact conditions. Usually, reinforcing
fibers and solid lubricants are incorporated into a polymer
matrix for enhancing its tribological properties, especially under
severe conditions. The former improve the load-carrying capability
of the matrix and the latter promote the formation of a
lubricating transfer film on the counterface. Besides the conventional
fillers, nanoparticles were proven to enhance the tribological
performance of a polymer matrix [5,6]. It was demonstrated in
the last years that further addition of nanoparticles into conventional
composites improves the tribological performance [6–10].
Nevertheless, it should be noted that up to date the majority of
research works on the tribology of polymer composites are
focused on dry friction conditions. Much fewer research works
were carried out to investigate the tribological behaviors of polymer
composites under water lubrication conditions.
In order to avoid the environmental impact of oil-lubricated
metal bearings in case of oil leakage, polymer bearings lubricated
directly with aqueous medium possibly provide an efficient solution
for many applications in hydropower plants and marine ships
etc. Nevertheless, the viscosity of water is much lower than that of
lubrication oil, which limits the hydrodynamic effect of water film,
thus water-lubricated components often operate under mixed and
even boundary lubrication regimes. The tribological behaviors of
polymer-based tribo-materials in these lubrication regimes usually
govern the lifetime span, reliability and energy consumption of the
tribo-components for the above mentioned applications. If the
sliding materials are not properly formulated, they might show
obvious disadvantages, e.g. poor running performance under
mixed and boundary lubrication conditions, and accuracy decrease
as a result of swelling caused by water adsorption [11]. This will
aggravate the wear of the motion components and shorten their
service-life. Hence, it is of great interest to understand the tribological
behaviors of polymer composites in aqueous medium.
Yamamoto et al. [11,12] studied the tribological behaviors of
polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and polyphenylenesulphide (PPS)
composites and found that the tribo-chemical reactions occurring
were of essential importance of the tribological behaviors of the
materials. Davim et al. [13] investigated the tribological behavior of
carbon fiber-reinforced PEEK and revealed that the roughness of the
steel counterface played an important role on the friction and wear.
High-performance polymer composites are increasingly used insliding components such as bushings and journal bearings owingto their superior self-lubricating capability, mechanical propertiesand chemical resistance [1–4]. In the last decades, the tribology ofpolymer composites attracts extensive interests from both academiaand industry. Numerous self-lubricating composites wereformulated for various sliding contact conditions. Usually, reinforcingfibers and solid lubricants are incorporated into a polymermatrix for enhancing its tribological properties, especially undersevere conditions. The former improve the load-carrying capabilityof the matrix and the latter promote the formation of alubricating transfer film on the counterface. Besides the conventionalfillers, nanoparticles were proven to enhance the tribologicalperformance of a polymer matrix [5,6]. It was demonstrated inthe last years that further addition of nanoparticles into conventionalcomposites improves the tribological performance [6–10].Nevertheless, it should be noted that up to date the majority ofresearch works on the tribology of polymer composites arefocused on dry friction conditions. Much fewer research workswere carried out to investigate the tribological behaviors of polymercomposites under water lubrication conditions.In order to avoid the environmental impact of oil-lubricatedmetal bearings in case of oil leakage, polymer bearings lubricateddirectly with aqueous medium possibly provide an efficient solutionfor many applications in hydropower plants and marine shipsetc. Nevertheless, the viscosity of water is much lower than that oflubrication oil, which limits the hydrodynamic effect of water film,thus water-lubricated components often operate under mixed andeven boundary lubrication regimes. The tribological behaviors ofpolymer-based tribo-materials in these lubrication regimes usuallygovern the lifetime span, reliability and energy consumption of thetribo-components for the above mentioned applications. If thesliding materials are not properly formulated, they might showobvious disadvantages, e.g. poor running performance undermixed and boundary lubrication conditions, and accuracy decreaseas a result of swelling caused by water adsorption [11]. This willaggravate the wear of the motion components and shorten theirservice-life. Hence, it is of great interest to understand the tribologicalbehaviors of polymer composites in aqueous medium.Yamamoto et al. [11,12] studied the tribological behaviors ofpolyetheretherketone (PEEK) and polyphenylenesulphide (PPS)composites and found that the tribo-chemical reactions occurringwere of essential importance of the tribological behaviors of thematerials. Davim et al. [13] investigated the tribological behavior ofcarbon fiber-reinforced PEEK and revealed that the roughness of thesteel counterface played an important role on the friction and wear.
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