An invitation to participate in the online survey was emailed to all staff nurses and nurse managers at the nine hospitals. The
survey asked participants to indicate the name of their unit in order to match nurses with their respective nurse manager. The
staff nurse survey included measures of their nurse manager's servant leadership and their own helping and creative behavior.
The nurse manager survey included a measure of organizational structure.
Nurse job satisfaction was collected by a third party, National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI). This survey is
conducted annually and the timing of the survey corresponded to three months after our survey for all hospitals but one (for this
one hospital the NDNQI survey was conducted three months prior to our survey). Patient satisfaction measures were collected
by another third party, Press-Ganey, a commercial vendor of hospital care surveys (Press-Ganey, http://www.pressganey.com).
Patient satisfaction data were available by quarter and were collected for the quarter (3 months) overlapping with the date of
our survey.