Typically, the proposed system belongs to the category of
SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition)
systems. SCADA systems are used to monitor and control a
plant or equipment in industries such as telecommunications,
water and waste control, energy, oil and gas refining and
transportation. The proposed system architecture complies
with the current generation SCADA architecture [2]. The
networked architecture is actually an enhanced version of
distributed architecture since the functionalities are
distributed across a WAN and not just a LAN. An advantage
brought about by the distribution of functionality over a
WAN is that of disaster survivability. By distributing the
processing across physically separate locations, it becomes
possible to build the system that can survive a total loss of
any one location [4]. As illustrated in the Fig. 1, there are 4
tiers. They are,