Gas and air are introduced through a semi-premixing metal nozzle distributor and the gas used is liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).
an alumel–chromel thermocouple is welded in the center of the ball to monitor the
balls temperature.
Temperature distribution in the bed is measured by three shielded alumel–chromel thermocouples fixed on a lifter, which can move vertically and horizontally in the furnace.