Total energy consumption consisted of fuel used
for the production
and maintenance of machines
and manual labor used for driving tractors and balers and handling straw.
EC networks of the collection machines ranged from 351 to 588 MJt−1,
with the main contributions from direct and indirect energy obtained based on
diesel used (Fig. 3a–c).
GHGE ranged from 60 to 165 kg CO2-eq per
ton of collected straw, depending on the energy consumption of
the machines (Fig. 4).