wet with 5 ml chitosan nanoparticle (0.1%) solution. Seeds incubated
with sterile distilled water served as control. Experiments
were performed in triplicates with 50 seeds each. The petri plates
were sealed and incubated at 28 ± 2 ◦C under dark for initial five
days and at 8 h light and 16 h dark condition for a further 5 days.
Seedling vigour index (SVI) was calculated by the formula:
SeedVigourIndex = %germination × seedlinglength.