It
is common for PN to run overnight for patient convenience,
particularly when administered at home.
Numerous infusion initiation and discontinuation formulas
exist, and regimens may involve abrupt starting
and stopping at the maximum infusion rate, or gradual
increases to/tapering from the maximum rate over a
given period of time (usually up to 2 hours). The
demonstrated effects of these practices are reviewed
below. PN components are typically administered
simultaneously.