Use of Secure ARP and Secure DHCP: as described in [18], Secure ARP uses digital signatures of messages from senders to prevent the injection of spoofed information. Each host has a set of public/private key pair certified by a trusted party on the LAN acting as a Certification Authority. Secure DHCP aims to prevent MAC spoofing by not assigning IP addresses without proper credentials put in evidence by Secure DHCP servers