Traxler (2007) notes that there are some definitions and understandings of mobile education, which focus only on the technologies and hardware, whether it is a handheld and mobile device such as personal digital assistants (PDAs),Smartphones or wireless. These definitions undermine a proper understanding of the uses of mobile technology in learning by confining their explanations and descriptions to the actual physical way in which the technology operates. Other definitions place more emphasis on what learners experience when they use mobile technologies in
education, while others inquire how mobile learning can be used to make a unique contribution to the advancement of education and other forms of e-learning