tMunicipal solid waste (MSW) can be viewed as a feedstock for industrial ecology inspired conver-sions of wastes to valuable products and energy. The industrial ecology principle of symbiotic processesusing waste streams for creating value-added products is applied to MSW, with examples suggested forvarious residual streams. A methodology is presented to consider individual waste-to-energy or waste-to-product system synergies, evaluating the economic and environmental issues associated with eachsystem. Steps included in the methodology include identifying waste streams, specific waste componentsof interest, and conversion technologies, plus steps for determining the economic and environmen-tal effects of using wastes and changes due to transport, administrative handling, and processing. Inaddition to presenting the methodology, technologies for various MSW input streams are categorizedas commercialized or demonstrated to provide organizations that are considering processes for MSWwith summarized information. The organization can also follow the methodology to analyze interestingprocesses